Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay on Narration and Perspective in Pramoedyas Inem
Narration and Perspective in Pramoedyas Inem Tradition represents an integral component of ones cultural identity, and this is especially so in this rapidly changing world which we live in, where the boundaries between different cultures are increasingly being blurred and distorted by the process of globalisation. While traditions do define the beliefs, practices and collective experiences of a people, the continued existence of certain socio-cultural institutions in which discriminatory and repressive measures still persist cannot be condoned. It is this very dimension that Pramoedya addresses in his short story, Inem: The narrators reminiscences of his childhood perform a serious social commentary and incisive social critiqueâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦While the comment that She was polite, unspoiled, deft and hardworking - qualities which quickly spread her fame even into other neighbourhoods as a girl who would make a good daughter-in-law (Pramoedya 139) in the expository paragraph does not exactly constitute an instance of prolepsis (a glimpse into future developments in the story), it anticipates the inevitable course that the story takes, and establishes where such a societys priorities lie, as well as what the narrator ultimately focuses on - the (unjust) power relationships between men and women/parents and children. In addition, as one negotiates through the narrative, it is difficult not to help experiencing an impending sense of disaster, which accentuates the idea communicated to the reader that something is inherently and fundamentally wrong with practices such as child marriage; for the narrators memories of Inem do not manifest themselves in a haphazard, discordant fashion, instead, this is effected through the lineal development of the plot that moves inexorably towards the tragic denouement of Inems story. Of course, this narrative not only becomes effective through its structural attributes, but also crucially through the considerable degree of verisimilitude it displays. After the initial innocent exchange about marriage between the narrator as a child and the young Inem that sets the tone for the rest of the narrative, we are rapidly presented and drawn
Us Military Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995 Free Essays
string(164) " Through another UN Resolution, that was formally not necessary, the UN and NATO decided to intensify their air attacks by almost 2000 attacks in a couple of days\." US Military Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995| | 08. 12. 2009| | Introduction: With Josip Brozââ¬Ës (Tito) death in 1980 the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has lost its political leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Us Military Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tito supported a wide ethnic representation in his country and a division of power. Without his strong leadership Yugoslavia would have broken up years before the Balkan war in 1992. Yugoslavia was politically weak without Tito and the country was hard hit by an economic crisis in the early 1980ies. Calls for comprehensive reforms were growing, especially from the constituent republics Slovenia and Croatia and the central government became incapable of acting. More and more power was given up to the constituent republics. At the beginning of 1990 the Yugoslavian unity party SKJ (Savez Komunista Jugoslavije) has fallen and majority party elections were established in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Political Parties were established that functioned mainly in the interest of their ethnical background. Hence the rivalry between the parties for more power developed into an ethno-political rivalry. On June 25 in 1991 Croatia and Slovenia declared their independence. Directly after, armed conflicts started between groups which defended their territorial and the Yugoslav Peopleââ¬â¢s Army (JNA), the last institution of the SFR Yugoslavia. More and more constituent republics were involved and soon a war started that we will remember as the Yugoslav war that later reached Bosnia, where most of the fighting took place. It was a bloody civil war between neighbors in South Eastern Europe in the late 20 century that was ended too late. Many victims would be alive if the international audience would have been more concerned about its importance of involvement. The United States, as one of the countries, acted too late at the expense of human life. The Bosnian war was a failed humanitarian intervention of the UN, a weak NATO presence and a US policy that planned [â⬠¦] to pursue a U. S. ommitment to Bosnia-Herzegovina that is short-sighted in vision and transparent in end state The ââ¬Ësymbolicââ¬â¢ presence of the UNO and the early stage of the war In 1991 The United States just ended the Gulf War and hence the majority of the American population didnââ¬â¢t see the point in involving themselves into another war. It was an ongoing dispute of whose responsibility was to intervene in the Bosnian War. George Bushââ¬â¢s policy indicated to use diplomatic initiatives rather than the usage of A merican military force. After being involved in World War I and II the United States saw their mission in Europe completed. There was no more a Soviet threat and the European Community (EC) should be ready to deal with its problems by themselves which was also accomplished by the Maastricht treaty in 1992. The countries in the EC should be stable enough to ensure democracy and peace in Europe. However, the actions that have been initialized by the EC failed. The countries couldnââ¬â¢t find a consensus of working together and using a strategy that would end the war. The Yugoslavian conflict parties arranged, with the initiative of the EC, a plan on June 29th in 1991. The plan provided 3 points which was 1) ceasefire between Slovenia and Croatia and the withdrawal of their armies 2) Slovenia and Croatia should pause with their declaration of independence for 3 month 3) Serbia should give up his resistance towards the new elected Croatian President Mesic Beside the 3rd point all the other attempts to end this war failed. Another failure of the EC was to rush into recognizing Sloveniaââ¬â¢s and Croatiaââ¬â¢s independence. Bosnia was even rushed to motion its independence between the times of December 16th until December 23rd 1991. A week that was given to consider establishing a country which history is very diverse and complicated. In the late summer of 1991 the Moslem politician Izetbegovic asked the UNO to send observers and a peacekeeping force because he knew what a war would cause in Bosnia. The attempt failed due to the UN principles to intervene when all intern actions failed to prevent a civil war. After the war broke out the UN decided to send 100 and a few month later in June 1992 1. 000 peacekeepers to Bosnia. The modest aim was to ensure a complete defeat of the Moslem population with a minimum of UN forces. NATO In early May 1992 the UN sanctioned Yugoslavia or the parts that still remained Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and a few days later the UN Security Council placed an economic embargo on Yugoslavia. NATO warships were sent to the Adriatic Sea to enforce the internationally est ablished embargo. In October 1992 the UN Security Council decided to forbid any military flights of the warring parties. However, there have been various violations against the flying ban. Therefore NATO decided to start their direct combat mission in the air in April 1994. It didnââ¬â¢t stop the Serbs to take UN peacekeepers and other observant as hostage. Thus the NATOââ¬â¢s first air attacks did not have a great effect for stopping the war. The establishment of ââ¬ËUN protected zonesââ¬â¢ and the case of Srebrenica The UN protected zones were established mainly for the Muslim population that was surrounded by either Croatian or Serb territory. Building protected zones was another attempt to secure civilians even though they were fairly against the UN principles of impartiality and agreement of all warring parties. The history has shown us that the UN peacekeepers were tricked by the Serbs and the ââ¬Ëprotected zoneââ¬â¢ was used to facilitate covert genocide that we know today by the name of The Srebrenica Massacre in July 1995. End of the war After violating the protected zones in Srebrenica and Zepa, NATO decided for massive air attacks on military and logistical targets of the Serbs. Until this moment there have been ten NATO air attacks during the war. It was obvious that this was not enough to end the war. Through another UN Resolution, that was formally not necessary, the UN and NATO decided to intensify their air attacks by almost 2000 attacks in a couple of days. You read "Us Military Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995" in category "Essay examples" The war ended but it was a very long way for the US to decide the various kinds of intervention. Opinions went from not getting involved at all because the EC should deal with it by themselves to deploying US troops, first for humanitarian or peacekeeping efforts then for United Nations (UN) or NATO military actions, including rescuing UN peacekeepers. According to several polls at the beginning of the war, the Americans would support any of the humanitarian interventions and multilateral agreements. ââ¬ËBosnia reveals that the ââ¬Ëââ¬Ëpost-Vietnam syndromeââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ was still apparent in the preference of most Americans to stay out of foreign entanglements since the Reagan-era involvements in Central Americaââ¬â¢. Nevertheless, most Americans were sure that Bosnia wonââ¬â¢t be the next Vietnam. Polls also show that interventions should be used if there is a case of genocide. However, it was a long way for the US government to fulfill the peoples will. It was talked too much around and the media used terms such as ââ¬Ëcivil warââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëethnic warââ¬â¢ to undermine the need of stronger interventions at the beginning of the war. A Presidential term was coming up and the need of actions was put aside regardless of moral principles. In a democratic country that is based on a will of people with representatives elected by the people, a public opinion is a crucial right. If a poll shows that most of the Americans agree with military humanitarian intervention before 1995 why did a hegemonic power, as the US back then, didnââ¬â¢t interfere earlier with more pressure on the International community to act stronger and precisely. A diplomatic intervention in 1992 had a great impact on the course of the war until 1995. The United States has supported the UN resolution of preventing genocide, as it was before declared to be a crime under international law. Sadly neither Bush senior nor Clinton have made efforts to prevent genocide in Bosnia. Samantha Power wrote ââ¬Ëit is in the realm of domestic politics that the battle to stop genocide is lost. American political leaders interpret society-wide silence as an indicator of public indifference. ââ¬â¢ Not until Srebrenica did the domestic and international politics pushed Clinton into action of interfering with massive military forces which at the end brought the war into an end. ââ¬ËClinton rode into the White House rallying against Bushââ¬â¢s non-interventionist policy and favoring commitments to stop genocide. Facing a re-election year, a time when an administrationââ¬â¢s promises are measured against their actual accomplishments, Clinton was particularly sensitive to challenges to his earlier pledges. Doleââ¬â¢s role augmented an explosion of a united media campaign, increasing international pressure for intervention, and the embarrassing fall of a U. S. -backed ââ¬Ësafe zone,ââ¬â¢ aggravating Clintonââ¬â¢s original commitments to put an end to the Bosnian genocide and made the political costs of non-intervention too high for the Clinton Administration to withstand. Because of this conglomeration of pressures, Clinton could follow his own moral convictions and stop the genocide. ââ¬â¢ In conclusion: The US intervention in Bosnia has three significant phases. The first phase included a diplomatic interference at the beginning of the war. It was an European problem. Thus Europeans should deal with it. The second phase was a very modest humanitarian-military intervention (UN and NATO) by the US, in an area where such ââ¬Ëexperimentsââ¬â¢ are fatal in the course of the war. The UN ââ¬Ëpeacekeeping master planââ¬â¢ failed completely for one good reason. No one can heal a huge wound with a simple band aid. After 3 years of a bloody fight and a never ending war what could the hegemonic power US do? Either withdraw its troops and run away and be an audience of a war that might have murdered a whole ethnic group or reinforce and fight. The third phase, which finally ended the war, it was crucial that the US as well as the EC, NATO and the UN realize the importance of a strong military interference which is based on a common consensus. The European Community failed completely to solve its Balkan problem due to self-interests, premature decisions and a lack of a consensus. However not being involved in the war, as some US elites suggested at the beginning of the war because it is an European issue, would have been against the principles of human rights and would have created a humanitarian disaster similar to the one in WWII. Bibliography Karadjis, Mike Karadjis. Bosnia, Kosova ; the West. Resistance Books, 2000. Kull, Steven . ââ¬Å"Americans on the Crisis in Sudan. â⬠The American Public on International Issues N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 July 2009. ;http://www. pipa. org/OnlineReports/Africa/Sudan_Jul04/Sudan_Jul04_rpt. df;. Mellenthin , Knut . ââ¬Å"Der jugoslawische Burgerkrieg, die UNO und die NATO. â⬠Jugoslawien N. p. , 14 Dec. 1995. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. ;http://www. knutmellenthin. de/artikel/archiv/jugoslawien/der-jugoslawische-buergerkrieg-die-uno-und-die-nato-14121995. html;. Petrilli , Danielle Petrilli . ââ¬Å"More Than Witnesses at a Funeral? : The U. S. and Humanitarian Intervention . â⬠Duke Journal of Politics Duke Universit y, 2006. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. ;http://www. poli. duke. edu/undergrad/D. %20Petrilli%20writing%20sample. doc. ;. Power, Samantha. A Problem From Hellâ⬠America and the Age of Genocide. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. Print. Rachal, Louis N. ââ¬Å"U. S. Strategy in Bosnia: Are We Really Committed?. â⬠Military U. S. Strategy in Bosnia: Are We Really Committed? N. p. , 1997. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. ;http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/library/report/1997/Rachal. htm;. Sobel, Richard . ââ¬Å"Trends: United States Intervention in Bosnia. â⬠Public Opinion Quarterly Oxford Journals, 1998. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. ;http://poq. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/reprint/62/2/250. pdf;. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â- [ 1 ]. Rachal, Louis N. ââ¬Å"U. S. Strategy in Bosnia: Are We Really Committed?. â⬠Military U. S. Strategy in Bosnia: Are We Really Committed? N. p. , 1997. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. . [ 2 ]. Sobel, Richard . ââ¬Å"Trends: United States Intervention in Bosnia. â⬠Public Opinion Quarterly Oxford Journals, 1998. Web. 27 Nov. 2009. . [ 3 ]. 80% of the respondents of the PIPA survey said that if the UN determines that genocide is occurring, the UN, including the US, should act to stop the genocide by military force if necessary http://www. ipa. org/OnlineReports/Africa/Sudan_Jul04/Sudan_Jul04_rpt. pdf [ 4 ]. ââ¬Å"Crimes within the Courtââ¬â¢s Jurisdiction. â⬠Development and Human Rights Section United Nations, n. d. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. . [ 5 ]. Power, Samantha. â⬠A Problem From Hellâ⬠America and the Age of Genocide. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. Print. [ 6 ]. Petrilli , Danielle Petrilli . ââ¬Å"More Than Witnesses at a Funeral? : The U. S. and Humanitarian Intervention . â⬠Duke Journal of Politics Duke University, 2006. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. . How to cite Us Military Endeavor in Bosnia 1993-1995, Essay examples
Sunday, April 26, 2020
Order can be glimpsed in the chaos Essay Example
Order can be glimpsed in the chaos Essay What the chaos theory does is to not likely contradicting the theories of determinism but point out the limitations of determinism3. The limitations would involve the long-term predictability of such as weather prognosis an example is, few days of prognosis in advance would be no problem, but a month ahead of weather prognosis would be impossible for meteorologist. So this gives an insight of how the principle of determinism is limited, and how the chaos theory on a larger scale emphasizes on the weaknesses of science rather than the strengths. 4 Nonetheless, a counterargument would argue against science being a prediction tool, as meteorologists do not base their information on predictions, unlike the Mayans, they do studies that prove their predictions. However predictions are being made regarding the weather all the time, if I look up at a grey sky in the summer, I would most probably be expecting rain and not snow, and my chances of being right would be considered quite big as I acknowledge my previous experiences with rain in my past. The opposite of chaos is order, and as we are dealing with both chaos and order, I think that including the relevance of order could be beneficial to enhance our understanding further in this matter. Control, or in other words order, is something often discussed about when speaking of chaos theory, if I was to define chaos theory in my own words I would probably put it between determinism on one hand, which could predict everything, and having total chaos on the other hand, in the sense of not being able to predict anything at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Order can be glimpsed in the chaos specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Order can be glimpsed in the chaos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Order can be glimpsed in the chaos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore the chaos theory does consist of both prediction but also probability. So another approach or different aspect of this claim could be the regular muscle contractions of the heart, as the heart does not at all times deliver a perfect rhythm of heart beat. These middle grounds that the chaos theory is lying on can also known as the ancient dichotomy which refers to many ancient societies believing that the future is foreshadowed, but also that chance is a different major factor in our lives working simultaneously as predictions. 5 Hence as a conclusion to the knowledge issue, I think a reasonable response would be that the attempt of scientific methods to establish truths are relevant to some extent depending majorly on what is being established, such as the prognosis of weather can only be studied in a short term period, whereas when examining the muscle contractions of the heart its pace can be predicted over and over again, it does not beat perfectly regular, but the chaotic manner that slightly exists in heart beatings does prove a different view of determinism. 6 Looking back at the heart beat, an example can be drawn; as I exercise the rate of my heart beat increases, and as I stop it slowly returns to its normal pace, the beating of the heart is regular enough, but not too much regular that it would become inflexible and fail to respond to unpredicted impulses, as well as the irregular beating does not fail to meet the requirement of pumping the blood throughout my body7. To continue this essay onto the next real life situation we come across another aspect of predictions. Now as I maintain onto my next real life situation which deals with history and the predictions of the Mayan civilization, the knowledge issue that arises is, how can we draw a clear line between fact and the interpretation of predictions made in the past? The claim I would make as a knower would be that the interpretation made in our past does not give supporting factual information, it is purely a prediction of what is going to happen in the future, unlike the weather prognosis which is based on scientific methods. People do not necessarily need to believe that they can perceive order in the chaotic events predicted by the Mayans, although to a certain extent we have to accept the fact that predictions may come true. I consider the future being unpredictable enough to be chaotic; all uncertain factors of life can be seen as chaos as we are not able to find any order to help us understand the future awaiting us. As the chaos theory determines, prediction and chance both work together, so what the Mayans predicted could according to the chaos theory involve the chance of something happening, which would be an uncertain factor. This means that we cannot wholly base our knowledge and faith on the reliability of predictions; instead we should be able to accept the chaos and hope to find some order in it. An example could be, if I predict receiving a phone call tomorrow, then I might very well be influenced by either my subconscious mind telling me I actually am expecting someone to phone me, or if not, chance will dominate the possibility of me receiving a phone call. In any case, predictions can never be proven or disproven, until the time of prediction has gone past which is why predictions differ a lot from theories. A theory can always be proved right or wrong with the right measures, but a prediction cannot be proved at all until after something is supposed to happen, consequently it is not possible to draw a clear line between facts and predictions in the past. There can be a lot of factors influencing a prediction, such as a subconscious mind, manipulation of thoughts etc. Evidently predictions can only be factual after and not before the happening. In my conclusion as a knowers perspective, I agree to the full extent with the title statement that people need to believe that order can be glimpsed in the chaos of events, and by having used personal and factual examples I have tried to justify my standpoint and clarify my belief in why I argue for or against these claims. Without our belief we cannot identify order persistently, our belief is the main key for us to focus on the order rather than the chaos that future brings us. If we do not learn to exhibit our needs in believing then we cannot adapt to our lives and subsist in comfort, in general it is simple to recognize this belief, we live with it and accept it, because we know nothing about tomorrows future, yet we hope to find peace and subtle living conditions that will keep us happy as a human being and race.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Business modeling Essays
Business modeling Essays Business modeling Essay Business modeling Essay Business indicates the gender and nationality of the MBA incoming class in two successive years at the Kelly school of business at Indiana university. A- For each year, create tables of counts of gender and of nationality. Than create column charts of these counts. Do they indicate any noticeable change in the composition of the two classes? B- Repeat part a for nationality, but recode this variable so that all nationalities that have counts of 1 or 2 are classified as other. The file POP_06. XSL lists the average time (in minutes) it takes citizens of 379 territorial areas to travel to work and back home each day. A- Create a histogram of the daily commute times. B- Find the most representative average daily commute time across this distribution. C- Find a useful measure of the variability of these average commute times around the mean. D- The empirical rule for standard deviations indicates that approximately 95% of these average travel times will fall betw een which two values? For this particular data set, is this empirical rule at least approximately correct? 20- The file POP_21 . XSL consumer confidence Index (CLC) attempts to measure peoples feelings about general business conditions, employment opportunities, and their own income prospects. Monthly average values of the CLC are listed in the file POP 20. XSL. A- Create a time series graph of the CLC values. B- Have U. S consumers become more or less confident through time? C- How would you explain recent variations in the overall trend of the CLC? 33- The file POP_03. XSL contains data from a survey of 399 people regarding an environmental policy. Use filters for each of the following. A- Identify all respondents who female, middle age, and have two children. What is the average salary of these respondents? Environmental policy. What is the average salary of these respondents. C- Identify all respondents who strongly agree with the environmental police. Hat proportion of these individuals are young? D- Identify all respondents who are either (1) middle-aged men with at least one child and an annual salary of at least $50. 000, or (2) middle-aged women with two or fewer children and an annual salary of at least $30,000. What are the mean and median salaries of the respondents who meet these conditions? What proportion of the respondents who satisfy these conditions agree or strongly agree with the environmental policy?
Monday, March 2, 2020
Spanish Words for Use Around the Home
Spanish Words for Use Around the Home If youre like most of us, chances are you spend more time at home than you do anywhere else. So if youre looking at expanding your Spanish vocabulary, you might consider starting with some of the places youre most familiar with. Following, then, are the most common Spanish words used for places and items in the house. Note that many of the words can vary with region, and many of the words can have other meanings in other contexts. For example, while dormitorio is a common word for bedroom, it also can refer to the sleeping car of a train. Rooms and Areas of the House attic: el tico, el desvn, el entretechobasement: el sà ³tanobathroom: el baà ±o, el cuarto de baà ±o, el retretebedroom: el dormitoriocloset, wardrobe: el armario, el roperocourtyard: el patioden, study: el estudiodining room: el comedorentryway: la entradafamily room: la estancia, el cuarto de estargarage: el garage, la cocherakitchen: la cocinaliving room: la sala de estar, el salà ³nroom: el cuarto Words for Built-in Features ceiling: el techocupboard: el armario, la despensadoor: la puertaelectrical socket: el enchufe (de pared)faucet: el grifofloor: el suelo (floor that is walked on), el piso (level of a building)(kitchen) counter: el mostrador (de cocina), la encimera (other words are also used in various areas)lamp: la lmparalight: la luz, la lmpara, la lmpara de techo (ceiling light), el plafà ³n (ceiling light)mirror: el espejoroof: el tejadosink: el fregadero, el fregadero de cocina (kitchen sink), el fregadero de baà ±o (bathroom sink)stairs: la escalera, las escalerastoilet: el vter, el wter, el inodoro, el servicio, el retretewall: la pared (inside), el muro (outside)window: la ventana Words for Appliances and Furniture bed: la camablender: la licuadorachair: la sillachest of drawers: la cà ³modacouch, sofa: el sof, el divndishwasher: el lavavajillas, el lavaplatos, el friegaplatos (These are all compound nouns.)drier (for clothes): la secadorairon: la planchaoven: el horno (el horno microondas, or simply el microondas, microwave oven)stove: la estufa, la cocina (usage varies with region)table: la mesatoaster: el tostador, la tostadoravacuum cleaner: la aspiradorawasher (for clothes): la lavadora
Saturday, February 15, 2020
State capitol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
State capitol - Essay Example it was precisely constructed in the year 1619 and was serving as the Virginia House of Burgesses and since then has been in place in its very own state reflecting its grandeur and poise in terms of the rich American political history that the country enjoys. The formal proceedings and handover of the building which led it to becoming the Capitol took place in 1788 (Spears, 2012, p. 86) under the then Governor Thomas Jefferson who would go on to become the President of United States of America. Through the different phases the building has seen numerous developments and improvements as the field of architecture and developmental works saw progress. Numbers of stories have been added to the building making it more accommodating and larger in its existence through timely modifications and additions. Underground constructions have been established which have enabled accommodating and adjusting more set of individuals and visitors in its parking areas and other surrounding localities. Defined as a model pattern based on the cubic architecture and structural design (Giordano, 2012,p. 130), it is considered novel on the account of political standing, the design so followed and the richness in terms of the architectural richness that it possesses within itself beholding the rich history spanning over more than two decades. Another significant existence of the building is the fact that it has been crafted through the ideas of the French professional craftsman who worked on it and designed it on the request and instructions of the then governor Thomas Jefferson. Owing to its importance in the context of the overall political and American civil life society, the place is a center of attention and a central hub towards the visitors from the various states within United States of America and to those who travel United States of America and have some level of affiliation and interest in
Sunday, February 2, 2020
The problem of evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
The problem of evil - Essay Example A number of intellectual opinions have explained impossibility of existence of both God and His powers, and evil and its associated powers and suffering. Two sets of elements, three about Godââ¬â¢s power and one about evil illustrates mutual exclusivity between the power of God over evil and the persistent existence of evil to develop the controversy. God is, for example, believed to be super powerful, present at all places and at all times and knows everything that happens on earth and in heaven. This means that evil occurs in Godââ¬â¢s presence, against his powers, and with His knowledge. Consequently, existence of evil casts doubts on the three properties of God (Beebe 1). Similarly, if God has knowledge about existence of evil and the suffering that evil causes, He knows how to control evil power and has the capacity to control, and then existence evil would mean that God is not as good as He is expected to be. Also, if God wanted to control evil but does not, then it would mean that His power is not as sovereign as it is thought to be. Alternatively, if God has the power to control evil and wishes to, but has not, then it would mean that He is not aware of the existence of evil. These therefore mean that the presence of evil implies absence of at least one of the properties of God (Beebe 1). McCallum also explores the problem of evil through existence of evil in the presence of Godââ¬â¢s power. The author explains that if God loves and has supreme power, according to a believerââ¬â¢s faith, then He should be able to terminate evil and its consequences. Existence of evil therefore puts a believer in a dilemma over the properties of God. From a biblical perspective, the author argues that if God is the creator of all that exist then He created evil because evil also exist. Similarly, belief that God is good and powerful would result in Him destroying evil. As a result, continued existence of evil discredits Godââ¬â¢s properties as held among b elievers (McCallum 1). While approaches to explain the problem of evil are intellectual and seems to initiate doubt among believers regarding existence of God and His characteristics, a biblical approach to the problem offers a solution that provides for existence of God, His defined characteristics and existence of evil. This refutes the mutual exclusivity property of God and evil that intellectual approach explains. Suffering that is viewed as a manifestation of evil has its roots in the Bible because of sin and is bound to last forever. While it is normal that men appreciate a good deedââ¬â¢s result into benefits and happiness, people should also accept the fact that pain and suffering are consequences of manââ¬â¢s fall and should be expected to last. A controversy should not therefore arise over Godââ¬â¢s ability and existence of evil and pain because these are consequences of manââ¬â¢s action during the initial fall (Keyes 5-6). A solution to the problem of evil is also derived from the fact that evil is not a creature but a bad choice or consequence of a bad choice. Evil does not also emanate from God but from man and his actions. The problem of evil can therefore be resolved by a practical step of transformation from doing badly, to
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